After earthquake of plain of short of Wenshui River, the message tear at of die in an accident of a series of school collapse, student is worn the heart of countrywide people. Many netizens are interrogatory, whether are these school building put in quality problem? 16 days, housing and Wei of ginger of minister of ministry of urban and rural construction are new express, if be put in the problem really, “ must investigate ” gravely.
Also the netizen points out, itself of school architectural characteristic has aseismatic drawback. Immediately, discussion central issue changed a structure again on aseismatic ability. Look in project expert, the school is aseismatic and safe the problem is shock-proof really the soft costal region in the job that fight calamity. Plus labour force of the existence inside construction industry room of cheap, fast lid, and the “ that cannot avoid in building a course goes regular ” problem enlarged this one problem. Be in macroscopical on, economy grows the urban and rural difference that goes up with aseismatic standard, make the school of remote region aseismatic safe issue is more sharp. 1 " school characteristic " ” of big span of classroom “ is of soft costal region 2004, organization of U.N. economy joint development ever published a problem to be " school security is protected in the earthquake " (KeepingSchoolsSafeinEarthquakes) report. The report points out, in the earthquake that happens in global each district, the situation that the school collapses is more general, the reason is the mistake of avoidable design or construction, or because existing law and building code were able to carry out,be. Write in the report at that time: Unless “ takes significant action immediately, otherwise greater life and belongings loss will occur. ” report points out, no matter this phenomenon still has presence in the developed country in the developing country, for instance Italy, Algerian, Moroccan with Turkey. The clearest case before this is, in the earthquake that Pakistan and Indian border produced 2005, about 7000 schools collapse, 17000 children die. 2006, the international of “ world disaster that publishs this report with this organization collaboration organizes ” (GHI) publish analytic report, say the whole world has 180 million dweller, include among them the children of 40 million is faced with and Pakistan earthquake browbeats likewise. And the seriousness that earthquake of this plain of short of Wenshui River let us see this problem again. Sheet is told from the angle that builds a design, school architectural is to having truly go against aseismatic characteristic. “ school is single span commonly, single span is abstaining from quite on the design. ” Shenzhen city builds a design to study Guo Manliang of assistant chief engineer says total courtyard. In architecture, a bridge has and only of two fulcrum be called single span, if only a fulcrum calls cantilever, the others situation says multispan. Major school classroom is typical single span building, there is post among, around two outside two post are taken respectively in the wall. Look from plane, it has two strong point only, collapse very easily. And be in two cross or in the building that more crosses, once a fulcrum fell, the fulcrum of other still can have the effect that prop up. School classroom still has a few other adverse and aseismatic congenital drawback. The classroom is indoor dimensional span is bigger, between wall and bridge, column restrict each other poorer. In the meantime, better to get daylighting effect, convenient student activity, the classroom designs big the standard width of a room in an old-style house commonly, door window is more, more the area that reduces a wall. In the meantime, school building asks scatteredly to consider concentrated personnel, fore-and-aft decorate scattered corridor. Architect Liang Kegang points out, fore-and-aft weakness is brought about action is destroyed to issue fore-and-aft collapse in the earthquake. He expresses, the school building of the developed country uses this kind of configuration rarely, use normally inside the structure composition of corridor semmetry type, because this structure stability and tigidity are opposite better. 2 " structure ability is qualitative " brick of “ mixes structural ” to not be able to bear or endure shake " school security is protected in the earthquake " those who be aimed at is not school design itself, however the negligence ” with factitious “ . “ because school architectural characteristic, should enhance security in other side more so. ” is not willing to divulge the building expert of the full name emphasizes. In fact, in a few countries, the school makes the safest structure in the earthquake however. One man introduces Japanese architect Bai Qing, japanese school is aseismatic order and degree is higher than building grade to want commonly. Accordingly, after happening when shake of slope god earth, poured a lot of a house owned by a citizen, but collapse without the school. The type of “ aseismatic house basically is 3 kinds: The brick is mixed, steel structure of steel mix up. ” Guo Manliang introduces. When the earthquake comes, seismic wave transfers vast power to the building of the ground, produced consistent cycle when building and this force, when producing certain displacement, of force of OK and opposite quits earthquake ruinous. Of steel flexible very tall, when the earthquake comes, energy delivers steel, make it happens be out of shape, waste seismic energy with this. Ferroconcrete structure is at present the city is built especially the structure that high-level building uses generally. With steel structure, its aseismatic sex is weaker, but cost is relatively inferior. The house that “ breaks down in this earthquake basically is the brick mixes a structure, should aseismatic we cannot be mixed with the brick. The area that economy developeds quite now already need not it. Rebuild disaster area is affirmative cannot the brick was mixed! ” Guo Manliang emphasizes. In addition, the element that strengthens the school to build aseismatic security still has a lot of, for instance consolidate wall is mixed post, “ aseismatic design has ordinal demand. Bridge design must want to compare board strong, post should compare Liang Jiang, the wall should compare post strong. ” Guo Manliang says. 3 " culprit " is prefab board: Cheap but dangerous and prefab board the biggest killer in becoming earthquake of plain of short of Wenshui River. Prefab board it is a kind of weight that development of tens of expert of the Finland year ago give the concrete with light, low cost is prefab plank. It can offer cheap housing materials for the impoverished dweller of the developing country. The basis detects, this kind of concrete is prefab board although function compares common concrete board difference, but the price is cheap however half, and can optional cut. Use it, 3 workers are inside 2 days, with respect to the simple and easy house that can build one seat surface to accumulate 40 square metre. The structure is mixed in the brick in, cement is prefab board be used in great quantities. Square Zhen Ning introduces building essayist, common structure, be first pillar, again girth, girth is to point to transverse bridge. The node that girth and post secure is crucial. In the structure of the ferroconcrete, because floor is of cast-in-place, node is so fixed, won't whole collapse come down, let a person win the time that flee for one's life. Although “ is built have damage, the part that also can rupture in bridge body and cylinder is put have triangle or irregular space, let strand the person inside to have the possibility that breath. After ” Fang Zhenning was analysing the news picture of this earthquake, express: What “ serves as floor is hollow and prefab board, when strong shock comes over, broke away from tectonic column and girth. Seismic longitudinal wave reachs the floor above all, and original floor and bridge body are built simply together namely, cannot keep out the first. At this moment floor already amlposition. Next the arrival of seismic transverse wave lets a building destroy become aggravated. This kind of collective function that controls up and down, the floor that upstairs makes overwhelms below one comes, press one by one so come down, be folded together like clappers brick. Liang Kegang of ” architect also noticed similar case. He notices, there still is a very strange appearance in building of the collapse in this earthquake, the classroom of both sides of a house fell completely, but the stair among still is standing tall and upright however. The reason is stair board cast-in-place, there is reinforcing steel bar to prop up above, did not fall so. Because school itself has had certain design weak point, so more pressing requirement improves its structural system namely, convert steel mixes a structure to reach cast-in-place board. Current, a lot of architect of domestic and building practitioner are emphasizing this one issue. 4 " the system assures " new formulate is aseismatic the standard mixes structural change to steel to mix a structure from the brick, cost should rise 40%—60% possibly, but on the issue that involves a day in human life, the money that “ should spend still should spend ” . Liang Kegang emphasizes saying. “ and, aseismatic standard cannot one knife is cut, out-of-the-way and a mountainous area possibility gets more easily of earthquake and the geological calamity such as mud-rock flow destroy, geological and the landforms of the basis is all ground, new formulate is aseismatic standard. The personage inside ” course of study spoke of “ generally also going the problem of regular ” . After shake of plain of short of Wenshui River, hill of music of boreal plain county presses down Liu Hanxi to hope elementary school got the attention of media and netizen. Although this school is located in epicentral area, but was not destroyed, more did not collapse, protected be in entirely school teachers and students. According to the report, this school was built 1998, construction cost only 400 yuan / square metre, because contributive square strict control builds a course, strengthen management, assured to build mass, the “ that be called history go up ” of the most arrogant hope elementary school. A lot of people are afraid, if cannot solve “ to go thoroughly regular ” problem, so although had new aseismatic standard and building,ask, also will surely not get be executived thoroughly. These “ schools whether according to some closer year new standard does? When to build? Be done strictly according to the standard? Is measure proper? These are crucial. ” China builds academy dean Ren Qingying to say. He also expresses at the same time, school otherwise should improve aseismatic grade alone, this is issue of policy of a country, undertake study inside need course of study. “ is not it is not OK to say, it is the problem of cost only, if spend this cost, that does not have a problem, can improve a grade, or go to it doing as main building, it is possible. He emphasizes ” .Previous12 Next